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大学英语三教案篇1
peggy noonan lives in new york and writes a weekly column for the wall street journal. this piece is taken from one of them. in it she reflects on her week and on life in the city. writing less than a year away from the destruction of the world trade center, her thoughts are inevitably affected by that terrible event.
佩吉·诺南住在纽约，每周为《华尔街时报》撰写专栏文章。本文即其中一篇。她在文章中反思了自己的一周以及这个城市的生活。撰写此文时，离世贸中心被毁还不到一周年，她的思考不可避免地带有这一可怕事件的阴影。
the nightmare and the dreams
梦魇与梦想
-- how has sept. 11 affected our national unconscious?
――9·11事件如何影响了国民的潜意识?
peggy noonan
佩吉·诺南
it is hot in new york. it is so hot that once when i had a fever a friend called and asked me how i felt and i said, "you know how dry and hot paper feels when it's been faxed? that's how i feel." and how i felt all day yesterday. it is hot. we feel as if we've been faxed.
纽约真热。天气如此炎热，因此，有一次我发高烧，朋友打电话来问候我感觉如何时，我就说，“你知道发传真时纸张有多干燥多烫手吗?那就是我的感觉。”昨天整整一天我都是这种感觉。太热了。我们觉得自己被传真过似的。
i found myself fully awake at 5 a.m. yesterday and went for a walk on the brooklyn bridge. now more than ever the bridge seems like a great gift to my city. it spans. in the changed landscape of downtown it is our undisturbed beauty, grown ever more stately each year. people seem to love it more now, or at least mention it more or notice it more. so do i. it's always full of tourists but always full of new yorkers, too.
昨天清晨5点我就完全醒了，便去布鲁克林大桥散步。如今这座大桥越发像是赐予我们这个城市的一件贵重礼物。它跨河而立。在业已改变的市区景观中，它依旧是一道美丽的景致，年复一年，越发显得气势非凡。如今，人们似乎更喜欢它，至少是更多地提到它、注意到它。本人也一样。桥上总是挤满游客，也总是挤满纽约居民。
i am struck, as i always am when i'm on it, that i am walking on one of the engineering wonders of the world. and i was struck yesterday that i was looking at one of the greatest views in the history of man's creation, manhattan at sunrise.
我在这座桥上行走时总是深感骄傲，因为自己漫步在世界工程技术一大奇迹之上;今天踏上这座桥，我同样深感骄傲。昨天我深受感动，因为我在观看有人类创造史以来最辉煌的景象之一：曼哈顿日出。
and all of it was free. a billionaire would pay billions to own this bridge and keep this view, but i and my jogging, biking and hiking companions have it for nothing. we inherited it. now all we do is pay maintenance, in the form of taxes. we are lucky.
而且那是分文不花的。亿万富翁要想拥有这座桥，将这一景致占为己有，那得付出亿万钱财，而我以及那些或慢跑、或骑车、或徒步的同行者却能免费享用。我们继承了这座大桥。如今我们所要做的只是以纳税的方式支付维修费用。我辈实属有幸。
as i rounded the entrance to the bridge on the brooklyn side, a small moment added to my happiness. it was dawn, traffic was light, i passed a black van with smoked windows. in the driver's seat with the window down was a black man of 30 or so, a cap low on his brow, wearing thick black sunglasses. i was on the walkway that leads to the bridge; he was less than two feet away; we were the only people there. we made eye contact. "good morning!" he said. "good morning to you," i answered, and for no reason at all we started to laugh, and moved on into the day. nothing significant in it except it may or may not have happened that way 30 or 40 years ago. i'm not sure the full charge of friendliness would have been assumed or answered.
我从布鲁克林一边上桥时，一件小事更增添了我的快乐。天刚亮，车辆稀少，我与一辆车窗熏黑的黑色面包车擦肩而过。窗开着的驾驶座里坐着一个30岁左右的黑人，帽子低低地压在眉檐上，戴着一副厚厚的黑色太阳镜。我走在通往大桥的人行道上，他距我不到两英尺;周围只有我们两个人。我们目光对视。“早上好!”他说。“早上好，”我回答着，两人随即无缘无故地大笑起来，笑罢各人继续各人的生活。这事并没有什么特别的意义，只是30年或40年前是不是会发生这样的事。我不知道那时会不会有这种完全友好的表示，又会不会得到回应。
it made me think of something i saw monday night on tv. they were showing the 1967 movie "guess who's coming to dinner?" with katharine hepburn, sidney poitier and spencer tracy, about a young white woman and a young black man who fall in love, hope to marry and must contend with disapproving parents on both sides. it's held up well, and parts of it seemed moving in a way i didn't remember, and pertinent.
这让我想起星期一晚上看的电视节目。他们播放的是1967年的影片《猜猜谁来赴晚餐》，由凯瑟琳·赫本、辛尼·普瓦提艾和斯潘塞·特雷西主演，讲的是一个白人姑娘与一个黑人小伙子相爱，想要结婚，不得不与持反对态度的双方父母做斗争。影片拍得不错，故事的部分细节似乎很感人，如何感人我记不清楚了，反正很切题。
there was a bit of dialogue that packed a wallop. spencer tracy as the father of the would-be bride is pressing mr. poitier on whether he has considered the sufferings their mixed-race children might have to endure in america. has he thought about this? has his fiancée? "she is optimistic," says mr. poitier. "she thinks every one of them will grow up to become president of the united states. i on the other hand would settle for secretary of state." those words, written 35 years ago may have seemed dreamy then. but in its audience when the movie came out would likely have been a young, film-loving army lieutenant named colin powell who, that year, was preparing for a second tour of duty in vietnam. and now he is secretary of state. this is the land dreams are made of. does that strike you as a corny thing to say and talk about? it is. that's another great thing.
有几段对话让人为之震动。饰演未来新娘父亲的斯潘塞·特雷西质问普瓦提艾先生，他是否想过他们混血的孩子在美国将会承受多少痛苦。他考虑过这点吗?他的未婚妻考虑过这点吗?“她很乐观，”普瓦提艾先生说。“她认为他们每个人都能长大成人当上美国总统。而我则觉得他们能当国务卿也就可以了。”这些写于35年前的话当时听上去或许就像是痴人说梦。但影片上映时，观众中可能就有爱看电影的年轻的陆军中尉科林·鲍威尔，当年他正准备第二次到越南去服役。如今他正担任着国务卿一职。这是个梦想成真的国度。这么说你是否觉得有点老生常谈?这又是一件美妙的事情。
late tuesday, on a subway ride from brooklyn to the north of manhattan, i resaw something i'd noticed and forgotten about. it is that more and more, on the streets and on the train, i see people wearing id tags. we all wear ids now. we didn't use to. they hang from thick cotton string or an aluminum chain; they're worn one at a time or three at a time, but they're there.
星期二晚些时候，在从布鲁克林开往曼哈顿北部的地铁上，我又看到一个我注意过，可后来又忘了的现象。那就是大街上，地铁里，我越来越经常地发现人们挂着表明身份的胸卡。如今人人都佩带胸卡。过去我们是不带的。胸卡吊在粗棉线或铝制链上;有的佩带一张，有的同时佩带三张，反正胸卡处处可见。
i ponder the implications. what does it mean that we wear ids? what are we saying, or do we think we're saying? i mean aside from the obvious.
我思索着这一现象意味着什么。大家随身携带身份证件，这意味着什么?我们是在表明什么?或者说我们自以为是在表明什么?我指的是表象之外的意义。
i imagined yesterday the row of people across from me on the train, looking up all of a sudden from their newspaper and answering one after another:
假设昨天地铁车厢里我对面的那排人一下子放下报纸抬起头来，逐个回答道：
"it means i know who i am," says the man in blue shirt and suspenders.
“这意味着我知道自己是谁，”穿蓝衬衫和吊裤带的那个男子说。
"it means i can get into the building," says the woman in gray.
“这意味着我能进办公楼，”那个灰衣女子说。
"it means i am a solid citizen with a job."
“这表明我是个有职业的体面公民。”
"i am known to others in my workplace."
“在工作场所别人知道我是谁。”
"i'm not just blowing through life, i'm integrated into it. i belong to something. i receive a regular paycheck."
“我不是在混日子，我融入了生活。我有所归属。我有固定的工资。”
"i have had a background check done by security and have been found to be a safe person. have you?"
“安检部门对我的背景来历核查过，认定我为人可靠。你呢?”
i wonder if unemployed people on the train look at the tags around the other peoples' necks and think. soon i hope i'll have one too. i wonder if kids just getting their first job at 17 will ever know that in america we didn't all use to be id'd. used to be only for people who worked in nuclear power plants or great halls of government. otherwise you could be pretty obscure. which isn't a bad way to be.
我不知道车上那些失业的人看着别人头颈里吊着的胸卡，会不会有什么想法。我希望不久我也有张胸卡。我不知道那些刚刚开始工作的17岁的小伙子们会不会知晓，以前在美国，我们并不是人人携带身份证的。过去只有在核电站或政府办公大楼里工作的人才用。在别处，没人会知道你是谁。这可不是件坏事。
a month ago there were news reports of a post-sept. 11 baby boom. everyone was so rocked by news of their mortality that they realized there will never be a perfect time to have kids but we're here now so let's have a family. i believed the baby boom story and waited for the babies.
一个月前，有关于9·11事件之后出现生育高峰的新闻报道。大家为那些关于死亡的报道所震惊，意识到决没有什么生养孩子的时机，现在我们既然活着，就该生儿育女。我相信关于生育高峰报道的真实性，期待着这些孩子的出生。
then came the stories saying: nah, there is no baby boom, it's all anecdotal, there's no statistical evidence to back it up. and i believed that too. but i've been noticing something for weeks now. in my neighborhood there is a baby boom. there are babies all over in brooklyn. it is full of newborns, of pink soft-limbed infants in cotton carriers on daddy's chest. it is full of strollers, not only regular strollers but the kind that carry two children -- double-wides. and triple-wides. i don't care what anyone says, there have got to be data that back up what i'm seeing: that after sept. 11, there was at least a brooklyn baby boom.
后来又有报道说，不对，没有什么生育高峰，那完全是道听途说，并没有统计数据加以证实。我也相信这一报道的真实性。但好几个星期以来我一直关注着一个情况。我家附近出现了生育高峰。布鲁克林到处都是婴儿。处处可见新生婴儿，处处可见粉嘟嘟的、小手小脚软软的婴儿，他们蜷伏在父亲胸前的棉兜里。处处可见婴儿小推车，不仅是普通的小推车，还有那种可放两个婴儿的小推车。甚至还有可放三个婴儿的小推车。别人怎么说我不管，应该有数据证实我目睹的情况：9·11事件之后，至少在布鲁克林出现了生育高峰。
a dream boom, too. the other day i spoke with a friend i hadn't seen since the world changed. he was two blocks away when the towers fell, and he saw everything. we have all seen the extraordinary footage of that day, seen it over and over, but few of us have seen what my friend described: how in the office buildings near the world trade center they stood at the windows and suddenly darkness enveloped them as the towers collapsed and the demonic cloud swept through. did you see those forced to jump? i asked.
夜梦也激增。一天我跟事件发生后一直没见过面的一位朋友交谈。世贸大楼倒下时，他就在两个街区之外，目睹了一切。我们都看过当日那令人震惊的电视镜头，看过一遍又一遍，但很少有人看到过我朋友所描述的情景：在世贸中心近旁的办公大楼里，他们站在窗边，突然黑暗将他们笼罩，那两幢楼倒塌了，可怕的浓烟迅速蔓延。你有没有看到那些被迫往下跳的人?我问。
"yes," he said, and looked away.
“看到，”他说着移开了视线。
have you had bad dreams?
你有没有做噩梦?
"yes," he said, and looked away.
“做的，”他说着，仍看着别处。
i thought about this for a few days. my friend is brilliant and by nature a describer of things felt and seen. but not this time. i spoke to a friend who is a therapist. are your patients getting extraordinary dreams? i asked.
我好几天都想着这事。我的这位朋友才华横溢，天生擅长描述自己的感受与见闻。但这次却例外。我跟一位当治疗专家的朋友交谈。你的病人是不是都做些稀奇古怪的梦?我问。
"always," he laughs.
“总是做那样的梦，”他笑了起来。
sept.11-related?
都跟9·11事件有关?
"yes," he says, "mostly among adolescents. "
“是的，”他说，“主要都是青少年。”
i asked if he was saving them, writing them down. he shook his head no.
我问他有没有把这些梦收集好记下来。他摇了摇头。
so: the sept. 11 dream project. we should begin it. i want to, though i'm not sure why. i think maybe down the road i will try to write about them. maybe not. i am certain, however, that dreams can be an expression of a nation's unconscious, if there can be said to be such a thing, and deserve respect. (carl jung thought so.)
是啊：9·11梦录项目。我们应该着手进行了。本人有意去做，虽说我自己也不太清楚到底为什么。我想，以后也许我会试着把那些梦写下来。也许不会。但我相信，梦可以反映国民的潜意识――如果真有所谓潜意识――而且值得把梦当一回事。(卡尔·荣格持肯定态度。)
to respect is to record. send in your sept. 11 related dream -- recurring, unusual, striking, whatever. i will read them, and appreciate them and possibly weave them into a piece on what sept. 11 has done to our dream lives and to our imaginations, when our imaginations are operating on their own, unfettered, unstopped, spanning.
既然值得当回事就要记录下来。请把你做的与9·11事件有关的梦寄给我――一再重复的，不同寻常的，惊人的，等等。我会阅读你们的来函，会理解，可能的话会将它们编成一篇文章，反映9·11事件对我们的梦幻生活和想象力――即当我们的想象力独立地、无拘无束地、毫无牵绊地持续发挥时――产生了什么影响。
大学英语三教案篇2
教学目标：
1，让幼儿区分红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色四种颜色，
2，学会认知red,yellow,blue.green.这四个英语单词。
3，培养孩子的颜色辨别能力和反应能力。
4，让孩子在游戏中感受学习英语的乐趣。
教学准备：
1，红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色四色卡片各一张。并在对应颜色的卡片上写好red,yellow,blue.green.
2，贴纸圈圈数个，各色玩具两个，一个大纸箱。小篮子两个。
教学过程：
1， 开始部分：
用电子琴弹奏律动音乐，并用口号（小手拍拍拍起来，我的小手拍起来，小朋友们上课了）来稳定幼儿情绪，组织幼儿坐好。
2， 基本部分：
（1）手执卡片，提出问题。（小朋友知不知道老师手中拿的卡片是什么颜色，谁知道？待小朋友回答后告诉小朋友颜色及其英语的读法）
（2）用换位教学法来让小朋友读英语单词，如：老师说红色，小朋友读red.老师读red,小朋友说红色。以此类推。
（3）把卡片分发给小朋友，老师说red.就请拿到红色卡片的小朋把卡片举起来。老师说yellow,就请拿到黄色卡片的小朋友把卡片举起来，以此类推。巩固孩子对颜色的认知能力，以及反应能力。
3， 游戏。跳圈找颜色。
（1） 把贴纸圈圈贴在教室地上。
（2） 把孩子分成两组，分别站在各自的起跑线上。
（3） 将玩具放入大纸箱。纸箱离起跑线7米左右。
老师说“开始”，红色red .两组第一名小朋友手里拿着篮子开始跳圈跳到终点，然后在大纸箱里找带有老师指定颜色的'玩具放在篮子里。然后带着篮子跑回到起跑回到起跑线。以此类推。游戏结束后请小朋友告诉老师都拿到了什么颜色的玩具，用英语回答。
1， 注意孩子可能会抢同一个玩具。而且孩子一定要规定好每一圈都要跳到。
2， 表扬孩子做得很棒，学得很好，并讲故事作为奖励。（三只小猪）
3， 学习英语儿歌《colours》。歌词如下：
red, yellow, blue and green stand up and stretch up high above your head.
red, yellow, blue and green sit down .
4， 提问小朋友喜欢吃什么水果，各种水果的颜色用英语应该怎么读。答以奖励小贴画。
8，同时提问小朋友，今天跟老师学了什么？学会了没有？重新读童词数遍，
8，课后延伸：请小朋友回去和爸爸妈妈探讨还有什么水果是红色，黄色，蓝色，绿色的？告诉爸爸妈妈我今天学到了什么？
大学英语三教案篇3
1、教幼儿能听懂并说出眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴的英文名称
2、通过各种游戏活动，培养幼儿学习英语的.兴趣。
3、通过各种游戏练习，使幼儿了解各器官的作用和功能。
1、字卡：eye[ai]眼睛nose(nauz)鼻子mouth[mau]嘴巴；
2、粘贴小红花若干；
3、磁带。
一、听录音，和老师一起做“五官操”，以及激发幼儿的学习热情，并让幼儿接触“eye,mose,mouth”的发音。
儿歌：
eye、eye、eye.眨呀眨
nose、nose、nose.闻一闻
mouth、mouth、mouth.波波波
ears、ears、ears.听声音
二、学习单词：eye、mouse、mouth.
师：我们每个人都有一张“face”，在我们的”face”上长有器官，谁能告诉我这些器官的名称，小朋友边说老师边在黑板上画五官，并用英语说:eye two
eye snose mouth。最后添上头发，耳朵画成一个调度小男孩。幼儿练“eye mouse mouth”时按五官的上下顺序，同时注意幼儿发音是否规范。
三、游戏：
摸鼻眼（摸对者奖励小红花）
方法：
师：touch your eyes,one、two、three，
幼：（手指眼睛）here、here、here，
师：touch your nose,one、two、three，
幼（手指鼻子）here、here、here，
师：touthyourmouth,one、two、three.
幼：（手指嘴边）here、here、here。
四、活动延伸：
小朋友每三人一组，给缺少五官的脸谱添画eye nose mouth在添画时告诉大家你画的是什么。
五、结束：
和老师一起做“五官操”，然后逐步下课。
大学英语三教案篇4
the features of illinois are not striking; they do not leap to the eye but lie flat and at first appear monotonous. the roads are wide, hard, perfect, sometimes of a shallow depth in the far distance but so nearly level as to make you feel that the earth really is flat. from east and west, travelers dart across these prairies into the huge horizons and through cornfields that go on forever; giant skies, giant clouds, an eternal nearly featureless sameness. you find it hard to travel slowly. the endless miles pressed flat by the ancient glacier seduce you into speeding. as the car eats into the distances you begin gradually to feel that you are riding upon the floor of the continent, the very bottom of it, low and flat, and an impatient spirit of movement, of overtaking and urgency passes into your heart.
伊利诺伊的地貌平平常常，没有引人注目之处。平坦的地势，初初看来单调乏味。道路宽阔坚实，毫无损毁，有时遥看有个不深的凹陷，可差不多全是那么平坦，你禁不住以为地球实际上是平的。从东到西，从西到东，旅人飞快地驶过茫茫大草原，驶向苍茫天际，穿过一望无际的玉米地;高不可测的苍穹，硕大的云朵，老是几乎平淡无奇、千篇一律。你很难缓慢地行驶。被古冰川挤压得平平坦坦的无尽长路诱使你加快车速。汽车渐行渐远，你这才开始逐步意识到自己正穿行在北美大陆的底部，地势最低之处，既低又平坦，这时一种亟欲行进、急着想超车的焦躁情绪在心头滋生。
miles and miles of prairie, slowly rising and falling, sometimes give you a sense that something is in the process of becoming, or that the liberation of a great force is imminent, some power, like michelangelo's slave only half released from the block of stone. conceivably the mound-building indians believed their resurrection would coincide with some such liberation, and built their graves in imitation of the low moraines deposited by the departing glaciers. but they have not yet been released and remain drowned in their waves of earth. they have left their bones, their flints and pots, their place names and tribal names and little besides except a stain, seldom vivid, on the consciousness of their white successors.
连绵不断的大草原徐徐起伏，有时会让你觉得有什么东西正在生成，或是即刻将有伟力释放，某种力，一如米开朗琪罗的奴隶雕像只浮现半个身形。可以想象，擅长构筑土墩的印第安人相信人的死而复生会与某种类似的释放同时发生，所以他们在建造墓茔时模仿离去的冰川积下的低矮冰碛。然而，他们迄今未能复苏，仍掩埋在泥土中。他们留下了自己的尸骸、燧石、壶罐、地名和部落名，此外就没留下什么，除了白人后继者的意识中并不清晰的污痕。
the soil of the illinois prairies is fat, rich and thick. after spring plowing it looks oil-blackened or colored by the soft coal which occurs in great veins throughout the state. in the fields you frequently see a small tipple, or a crazy-looking device that pumps oil and nods like the neck of a horse at a quick walk.... () along the roads, with intervals between them as neat and even as buttons on the cuff, sit steel storage bins, in form like the tents of mongolia. they are filled with grain. and the elevators and tanks, trucks and machines that crawl over the fields and blunder over the highways -- whatever you see is productive. it creates wealth, it stores wealth, it is wealth.
伊利诺伊大草原上，土壤肥沃、丰产而深厚。春耕之后，泥土油亮乌黑，像是被遍布全州的大矿脉里松软的烟煤染过似的。田野上你常常看到一种小型翻卸车，一种样子滑稽的抽油用的装置，就像飞奔中马匹的颈部上下抖动…… 沿途耸立着形似蒙古包的铁皮谷仓，它们之间的间距如同袖口的纽扣般排列得整齐划一。里面储满了谷物。还有升降机、储藏罐、卡车、机器缓慢地行驶在田野上，笨拙地奔走在公路上――你所见到的一切都能产生经济效益。这块土地创造财富，这块土地储存财富，这块土地本身就是财富。
as you pass the fields, you see signs the farmers have posted telling in short code what sort of seed they have planted. the farmhouses are seldom at the roadside, but far within the fields. the solitude and silence are deep and wide. then, when you have gone ten or twenty miles through cornfields without having seen a living thing, no cow, no dog, scarcely even a bird under the hot sky, suddenly you come upon a noisy contraption at the roadside, a system of contraptions, rather, for husking the corn and stripping the grain. it burns and bangs away, and the conveyor belts rattle....
当你穿过田野时，你见到农场主张贴的指示牌，上面用简短的标记写明他们播下的是什么种子。农舍通常不在路边，而是建在田野深处。那份寂寥和静谧既深沉又广大。当你穿行在玉米田间，行驶了十里，二十里，却看不到一个活物，看不到牛看不到狗，连晴热天空下的飞鸟也难见到，这时，突如其来地，你会见到路旁有个发出噪声的新奇的机械装置，或者说是一组机械装置，那是用来剥玉米壳碾谷的。它热得烫手，不停地砰砰作响，传送带咯嚓喀嚓地在运行……
when you leave, this noise and activity are cut off at one stroke: you are once more in the deaf, hot solitude of trembling air, alone in the cornfields.
你一走开，这声响，这动静就倏然消失：你重新回到那份无声的灼人的寂寥之中，呼吸颤动的空气，回到玉米田间，孤身一人……
north, south, east and west, there is no end to them. they line roads and streams and hem in the woods and surround towns, and they crowd into back yards and edge up to gas stations. () an exotic stranger might assume he had come upon a race of corn worshipers who had created a corn ocean;or that he was among a people who had fallen in love with infinite repetition of the same details, like the builders of skyscrapers in new york and chicago who have raised up bricks and windows by the thousands, and all alike. from corn you can derive notions of equality, or uniformity, massed democracy. you can, if you are given to that form of mental play, recall joseph's brethren in the lean years, and think how famine has been conquered here and super-abundance itself become such a danger that the government has to take measures against it.
东南西北，四面八方的玉米地望不到边。路边、溪边都种了玉米，林子、城镇四周也都种了玉米，玉米种满后院，甚至挤到了加油站。异乡客会以为自己来到了一个创建起玉米海洋的对玉米顶礼膜拜的民族，或以为自己身处那些偏爱无休止地重复同样细节的人们之中，就如同纽约、芝加哥那些摩天高楼的建造者，他们垒万砖安千窗，全都一个模样。在玉米田间，你可以获得平等的观念、划一的观念、大众民主的观念。如果你好做这类脑力游戏，你可以回想一下遇到荒年的约瑟夫兄弟，想一想在这里饥馑是如何被铲除的，过剩本身又如何成为一种危险，政府不得不对其采取措施。
the power, the monotony, the oceanic extent of the cornfields do indeed shrink up and dwarf the past. how are you to think of the small bands of illini, ottawas, cahokians, shawnee, miamis who camped in the turkey grass, and the french jesuits who descended the mississippi and found them. () when you force your mind to summon them, the indians appear rather doll-like in the radiance of the present moment. they are covered in the corn, swamped in the oil, hidden in the coal of franklin county, run over by the trains, turned phantom by the stockyards. there are monuments to them...throughout the state, but they are only historical ornaments to the pride of the present...
玉米地所展现的那种震撼力、那种千篇一律、浩瀚无垠的确使过去变得渺小。你不妨回想一下那些在草地设营的小群印第安人：伊里尼人、奥塔瓦人、卡豪凯扬人、肖尼人、迈阿密人，也不妨回想一下顺密西西比河而下、发现他们的法国耶稣会教徒。当你凝神回顾这些昔日的印第安人时，他们在今日的辉煌之前显得犹如玩偶。他们被玉米掩没，被石油淹没，被富兰克林县的煤埋没，被火车碾过，化作了在牲畜围场近旁出没的幽灵。为他们建的纪念碑……遍布全州，但这些不过是为今日的荣耀添彩的历史点缀……
大学英语三教案篇5
steve shladover outlines the benefits to be gained from vehicles that could drive themselves and discusses how this could be achieved.
斯蒂夫·施多弗阐述了能自动运行的车辆的诸多裨益，并详细论述了如何将其变为现实。
intelligent vehicles
智能车辆
steve shladover
斯蒂夫·施多弗
even when cars were still young, futurists began thinking about vehicles that could drive themselves, without human help. perhaps the best known of these conjectures was the general motors futurama, the hit of the new york world's fair. now, at the start of the new century, it's worth taking a fresh look at this concept and asking how automation might change transportation and the quality of our lives.
还在汽车问世之初，未来学家就开始设想无需人来操纵便能自动运行的车辆将是什么样儿的。这类设想最出名的或许是年纽约世界博览会上轰动一时的由通用汽车公司推出的“未来城市风光”。今天，在世纪之初，以新的目光去审视这样的设想，去探讨自动化将如何改变交通以及我们的生活质量，是颇具价值的。
consider some of the implications of cars that could drive themselves.
且来看一看能自动运行的汽车意味着什么。
we might eliminate the more than ninety percent of traffic crashes that are caused by human errors such as misjudgments and inattention.
我们或许能消除%以上由于判断失误以及疏忽等人为因素造成的交通事故。
we might reduce antisocial driving behavior such as road rage, thereby significantly reducing the stress of driving.
我们或许能减少野蛮开车这类有害公众利益的开车行为，从而大大减轻行车压力。
the entire population, including the young, the old, and the infirm, might enjoy a higher level of mobility without requiring advanced driving skills.
社会全体成员，包括老老少少与体弱者，也许都不需习得娴熟的驾车技巧就能较为自由地奔驰了。
the luxury of being chauffeured to your destination might be enjoyed by all, not just the wealthiest individuals.
被开车接送也许会成为世人共同的享受，而不仅仅是最富裕阶层的一种奢侈。
fuel consumption and pollution might be reduced by smoothing traffic flow and running vehicles close enough to each other to benefit from aerodynamic drafting.
车流通畅，相互紧随行驶的车辆能利用前车产生的较小的空气阻力，这些都可能减少油耗和污染。
traffic-management decisions might be based on firm knowledge of vehicle responses to instructions, rather than on guesses about the choices that drivers might make.
交通管理将会建立在充分了解车辆对指令的应变能力的基础上，而非基于对车辆驾驶者可能采取的行动的粗略估测。
the capacity of a freeway lane might be doubled or tripled, making it possible to accommodate growing demands for travel without major new construction, or, equivalently, today's level of congestion might be reduced, enabling travelers to save time.
高速公路的车容量会增加一倍或二倍，使其不必大兴土木就能适应不断增长的行车需求;或者，同样重要地，目前交通拥堵的程度能得到缓解，以使行车者节省时间。
is it feasible?
是否可行?
this is now a realistic prospect. with advances in technology we can readily visualize your trip on an automated highway system.
目前这已成为一个可以实现的希望。随着技术的进步，我们不难设想自动化公路系统上的行车过程。
imagine leaving work at the end of the day and needing to drive only as far as the nearest on-ramp to the local automated highway. at the on-ramp, you press a button on your dashboard to select the off-ramp closest to your home and then relax as your car's electronic systems, in cooperation with roadside electronics and similar systems on other cars, guide your car smoothly, safely, and effortlessly toward your destination. en route you save time by maintaining full speed even at rush-hour traffic volumes. at the end of the off-ramp you resume normal control and drive the remaining distance to your home, better rested and less stressed than if you had driven the entire way.
且来设想，工作一天下班后，只需开车至最近的一个自动公路入口匝道。到了入口匝道，在仪表板上按一下按钮选择离家最近的出口匝道，随后就休息放松，由车上的电子系统与路旁的电子装置以及其他车辆上类似的系统合作，把车平稳、安全、顺畅地开往目的地。即使是在车流量的高峰时段，也能一路全速行驶，从而节省时间。下了出口匝道，再照平常那样驾驶，开过余下的路程回家，那要比自己全程驾驶省力轻松许多。
although many different technical developments are necessary to turn this image into reality, none requires exotic technologies, and all can be based on systems and components that are already being actively developed in the international motor vehicle industry. these could be viewed as replacements for the diverse functions that drivers perform every day: observing the road, observing the preceding vehicles, steering, accelerating, braking, and deciding when and where to change course.
要把这一景象变成现实固然需要各种不同的技术发展，但也无需什么匪夷所思的技术，所有的技术都能以国际车辆制造业正在积极开发研制的各种系统和部件作为基础。这些技术可以被看作是车辆驾驶者日常开车所起各种作用的替代：观察路况，留意前行车辆，掌握方向，加速，刹车，变道。
observing the road
观察路况
researchers have developed a road-reference and sensing system that makes it possible to determine accurately a vehicle's position and orientation relative to the lane's center. cheap permanent magnets are buried at four-foot intervals along the lane centerline and detected by magnetometers mounted under the vehicle's bumpers. . these meters provide the information used by the vehicle's control computer to determine its exact position of the vehicle.
研究人员开发了一种路况参考及传感系统，这些能准确判断车辆的方位及所在车道中心的相应定位。价格低廉的永磁体以英尺的间隔埋设在车道中心线上，车辆保险杆下安装着的磁强计能够测知。这些磁强计向车上的计算机控制台提供信息，以断定车辆的确切方位。
other researchers have used computer vision systems to observe the road. () these are vulnerable to weather problems and provide less accurate measurements, but they do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.
其他研究人员利用计算机图像系统观察路况。这类系统易受气候变化的影响，提供的数据不够精确，但它们不需要特别的道路设置，只需要将路面标志维护好就行了。
observing preceding vehicles
留意前行车辆
the distances and closing rates to preceding vehicles can be measured by a radar or a laser rangefinder. both technologies have already been implemented in commercially available systems in japan and europe. the laser systems are currently less expensive, but the radar systems are more effective at detecting dirty vehicles and operating in adverse weather conditions. as production volumes increase and unit costs decrease, the radars are likely to find increasing favor.
与前行车辆的车距及接近时的速度可用雷达或激光测距仪测定。这两项技术已经在日本和欧洲投入商业运用。目前激光系统比较便宜，但雷达系统能更加有效地测知野蛮行驶的车辆，能更加安全地在天气恶劣时操作。随着产量的提高，成本的降低，雷达系统将会越来越受欢迎。
steering, accelerating and braking
掌握方向、加速和刹车
the equivalents of these driver muscle functions are electromechanical devices installed in the automated vehicle. they receive electronic commands from the onboard control computer and then apply the appropriate steering angle, throttle angle, and brake pressure by means of small electric motors. early versions of these devices are already being introduced into production of vehicles, where they receive their commands directly from the driver's inputs to the steering wheel and pedals. these decisions are being made for reasons largely unrelated to automation. rather they are associated with reduced energy consumption, simplification of vehicle design, enhanced ease of vehicle assembly, improved ability to adjust performance to match driver preferences, and cost savings compared to traditional direct mechanical control devices.
相当于车辆驾驶者肌功能的是安置在自动车辆上的电动机械装置。它们接收车上计算机控制台发出的电子指令，再凭借小型电力发动机恰当地控制方向、油门大小以及刹车紧急程度。车辆生产已经采用这类装置的最初样本，它们通过驾驶者给方向盘和踏板的输入信息直接获得指令。决定开发这类产品大都与自动化无关。与之有关的因素有降低能耗、简化车辆设计、进一步提高车辆装配效率、改善根据车辆驾驶者的喜好调节性能的能力，以及低于传统的机械直控装置的成本等。
deciding when and where to change course
决定何时何处变道
computers in the vehicles and those at the roadside have different functions. roadside computers are better suited for traffic management, setting the target speed for each segment and lane of roadway, and allocating vehicles to different lanes of a multilane automated facility. the aim is to maintain balanced flow among the lanes and to avoid obstacles or incidents that might block a lane. the vehicle's onboard computers are better suited to handling decisions about exactly when and where to change lanes to avoid interference with other vehicles.
车用计算机与路边装置的计算机功能不同。路边设置的计算机更适用于交通管理，如为不同路段和车道设定限速，通过多车道自动化设施为车辆安排不同的车道。其目的是使各车道的车流量保持平衡，避免可能堵塞车道的障碍或事故。车用计算机更适用于精确地判断在什么时间和位置改变车道，以避免与其他车辆碰撞。
remaining challenges
尚存的挑战
there remain a number of difficulties to be overcome. these are mainly technical, but there are in addition a number of nontechnical challenges that need to be addressed. these involve issues of liability, costs, and perceptions.
尚有许多困难有待克服。主要是技术性难题，但此外也有不少非技术性的挑战需要面对，其中包括行车责任、成本以及观念等问题。
automated control of vehicles shifts liability for most crashes from the individual driver (and his or her insurance company) to the designer, developer, and vendor of the vehicle and roadway control systems. provided the system is indeed safer than today's driver-vehicle-highway system, overall liability exposure should be reduced. but its costs will be shifted from automobile insurance premiums to the purchase or lease price of the automated vehicle and toll for use of the automated highway facility.
车辆的自动控制把大多数事故的责任从车辆驾驶者个人(及其保险公司)转移到设计者、研制者以及车辆和道路控制系统的经销商身上。如果这一系统的确比当今的车辆驾驶者—车辆—公路系统安全，总体责任风险就会减少。但其成本会从汽车保险金转移到自动车辆的售价或租金，以及自动公路设施的使用费上来。
all new technologies tend to be costly when they first become available in small quantities, then their costs decline as production volumes increase and the technologies mature. we should expect vehicle automation technologies to follow the same pattern. they may initially be economically viable only for heavy vehicles (transit buses, commercial trucks) and high-end passenger cars. however, it should not take long for the costs to become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commercialized for volume production today.
任何新技术在最初小批量供应时都相对昂贵，以后随着产量的增长与技术的完善，成本就会降低。我们相信车辆自动控制技术也将遵循这一模式。从经济角度考虑，这类技术在最初阶段或许只能应用于重型车辆(如公交车、货运卡车)和高级客车。然而，不用多久，其成本就能为广大车辆拥有者和驾驶者所接受，尤其是目前不少可以应用的技术已经走向市场，开始了批量生产。
the largest impediment to introduction of electronic chauffeuring may turn out to be the general perception that it's more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is. if political and industrial decision makers perceive automated driving to be too futuristic, they will not pay it the attention it deserves and will not invest their resources toward accelerating its deployment. the perception could thus become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
电子驾驶应用的障碍可能在于一种普遍的观念，认为这一技术的应用比实际情况更困难，更昂贵。如果政治决策者和企业决策者认为自动驾驶过于超前，他们就不会予以应有的关注，就不会投入资源，促使其早日为人们利用。这样的话，这一观念就可能成为一种终将实现的预言。
it is important to recognize that automated vehicles are already carrying millions of passengers every day. most major airports have automated people movers that transfer passengers among terminal buildings. urban transit lines in paris, london, vancouver, lyon, and lille, among others, are operating with completely automated, driverless vehicles; some have been doing so for more than a decade. modern commercial aircraft operate on autopilot for much of the time, and they also land under automatic control at suitably equipped airports on a regular basis.
重要的是，要看到，每天已有千百万人乘坐自动化车辆。大多数颇具规模的机场都有自动控制的客车把乘客从一个航站楼转到另一个航站楼。不少城市公交线路，如巴黎、伦敦、温哥华、里昂和里尔等，都是由全自动控制的无人驾驶车辆运行的，有些已运行了十多年。现代商用飞机大多时间是由自动驾驶仪操纵的，在装备完善的机场，这些飞机一向在自动控制指挥下着陆。
given all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems, it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control. that should be a realistic goal for the next decade. the transportation system will thus gain substantial benefits from the revolution in information technology.
考虑到所有这些安全运用自动化交通运输系统的经验，开发由自动控制操纵的公路车辆算不上什么大的飞跃。这应该是未来十年中的一个现实目标，交通运输系统也就会大大得益于信息技术革命。
大学英语三教案篇6
一、学生学习情况分析
三年级的孩子刚开始接触英语。教师首先要吸引孩子的注意力，尽力引导他们养成良好的英语学习习惯，即每天听读十分钟的英语，按时按要求完成作业，字母单词及时记忆;培养他们对英语学习的兴趣，营造一种适当的氛围，贴近孩子们的生活，让他们在体验中学习，进行适当的游戏，让孩子们在玩中学，学中玩，及时表扬有进步的学生，并鼓励其他孩子向他们学习。另外教师要言出必行，布置的作业一定要检查，要让孩子感到一定的压力，不要让他们有英语课是耍耍课的思想，争取做到学差生每天过关。与此同时，还应积极地与家长取得联系，让家长清楚教师对每一位孩子的要求，请求家长的理解、支持、配合，督促孩子，学校与家庭联系起来，共同为孩子的.未来出谋划策。
二、教学目标及要求
这一学期的学习，主要是激发他们学习英语的兴趣，培养孩子们学习英语的良好习惯，让他们通过大量的、积极的语言实践，形成初步的英语语感，打好语音、语调基础，巩固练习26个字母的基础上，能正确地抄写、记忆简单的单词，认读单词、课文，背诵单词，进行简单的英语交流，每天回家听读至少10分钟的英语，并请家长签字。
三、教材分析
新标准一书一“题材——功能——结构——任务”为编写原则，努力营造语境，学练结合，符合语言教学规律，具有新颖性和可操作性。教材以学生为中心，按学生身心发展规律与兴趣特点设计大量语言活动，以激发学生的学习兴趣，既体现素质教育的要求又遵循语言教学的理论，具有科学性。
四、教学重难点
这学期的教学重点是巩固26个英语字母，做到人人过关，能记住并正确拼写简单的英语单词，准确地认读单词及课文，表演歌曲、歌谣和课文。能够用学过的英语知识进行简单的对话。以上既是教学重点也是难点。
五、发展生分析及转化
首先要弄清原因：
1、英语学习受不稳定的情绪支配，学习热情冷热无常，久而久之，就形成了英语学习中的“发展生”。
2、“发展生”在小学启蒙阶段没有得到良好的教育，基础不扎实，思维不活跃，接受能力差，从而影响了其以后的英语学习。
3、发展生大多缺乏良好的学习习惯和科学的学习方法，学习不主动，课堂上不能全身心的投入。
4、没有良好的家庭环境，缺乏家长的正确引导也是形成“发展生”的一个重要的原因。
其次措施要得当：
1、保护“发展生”的自尊心是转化他们的前提。
2、教给他们正确的学习方法。
3、课堂上多关注他们。
4、课后多督促复习。
5、发动周围可以发动的力量来帮助他们。
六、教学进度安排：
1、 第一周 u1 1课时
2、 第二周 u1 3课时
3、 第三周 u1 3课时
4、 第四周 u1 3课时
5、 第五周 u2 3课时
6、 第六周 u2 3课时
7、 第七周 u2 3课时
8、 第八周 u2 3课时
9、 第九周 u3 3课时
10、 第十周 u3 1课时
11、 第十一周 u3 3课时
12、 第十二周 u3 2课时
13、 第十三周 u4 3课时
14、 第十四周 u4 3课时
15、 第十五周 u4 3课时
16、 第十六周 u4 2课时
17、 第十七周 总复习 3课时
18、 第十八周 总复习 3课时
大学英语三教案篇7
postman（小小邮递员）
1、学习单词postman及短语he(i)is(am)apostman.
2、学会其读音及意义。
3、让孩子们对英语学习产生兴趣。
学习单词postman读音及意义。
学会短语he(i)is(am)a postman.的读音及意义。
1、知识准备：(1)鼓励语：very very good, very very cool.(2)律动；(3)认识书信。
2、物质准备：邮递员图片、信、小兔图片、字卡、兔妈妈头饰。
一、问候：
good afternoon, everyone！i am your teacher，ella. today is sunny, now follow me to do music and movement.ok? please stand up and listen to the music,let us go.
二、律动。
三、
（一）导入：
1、小朋友今天很开心对不对，可是，有一个可爱的小伙伴今天就很伤心，来，我们看看是谁呢？
2、出示图片小兔amma，his name is amma，下面老师要问了，what his name?小朋友真棒，我们鼓励一下她吧！
3、amma手里拿着一封信，难过的说：“妈妈去外地出差了，我好想她，我给妈妈写了一封信，可是谁能帮我送信呢？呜呜呜呜……”
（二）学习单词。
师：amma不要哭，你看，我们中二班有这么多小朋友帮你想办法。小朋友们，我们一起帮助amma，好不好？小朋友们，我们一起想一想，谁可以帮助amma送信呢？
幼：__x __x __x帮你送信。
师：出示邮递员图片，he is a postman.please follow me:"postman"。
幼：postman.
师：a postman.
幼：a postman.
师：he is a postman.
幼：he is a postman.
师：well，“postman”what is mean?哪个小朋友可以告诉老师？
幼：邮递员。
师：小朋友真棒，我们一起鼓励一下她吧！
师：我是邮递员怎么说？（i am……）
幼：i am apostman.
师：小朋友真棒，我们一起鼓励一下她吧！
师：ok，lets ask him（指向邮递员图片）“who are you?”
幼：who are you?
幼：he is a postman.
师：ok,good.我们中五班的小朋友真棒，我们一起鼓励一下自己吧！
四、游戏。
1、ok, let us play a game!现在我们帮邮递员叔叔一起给小兔amma送信好不好？
2、幼儿轮流扮演邮递员，当信从手中传过时，指着图片说：he is a postman.现在i am a postman,直到传递到兔妈妈手里！
3、小朋友轮流送信，巩固对单词的发音并理解其意义。
4、兔妈妈致谢并发放奖品。
师：兔妈妈给我们中五班的`小朋友致谢了，小兔知道妈妈收到了信也高兴了起来！
小朋友们，今天我们学会了一个新的单词是、、“postman”是邮递员的意思，请小朋友回家把这个单词告诉爸爸妈妈，并告诉他们邮递员职业是用来做什么的。
大学英语三教案篇8
教学目标 ：
1.使同学熟练掌握本课表示地点的介词词组和重点词汇。
2.使同学掌握本课阅读材料的内容，并能模仿课文表演游戏。
教具：picture, recorder and coin
教学过程 ：
step 1revision
(1) dictation
(2) 学生表演问路对话。情景：老奶奶第一次进城找不到儿子的家。她该怎么办?学生可以准备一根拐杖和一条毛巾办成老奶奶的样子。学生参照第22课的问路修改：
granny故做四周环视状。
the boy: hello, granny. can i give you some help?
granny: i want to go to the bus stop. i want to go to see my son. but i don’t know the way.
the boy: don’t worry! granny. i can help you. i know the city well. where is the address?
granny: i lost it. i just remember there is a post office behind the apartment.
the boy: oh. the post office is not near from here. you can catch the number3 bus. go along this road, turn right at the second corner and then you will see the bus stop. the bus will take you to the post office. the apartment is behind it.
granny: it is very kind of you.
the boy: it is my pleasure. bye bye.
step 2 leading-in
1. ask students to raise their hands.
those sit in the front/middle/back rows.
those sit on the left/in the middle/on the right.
2. ask 3 students to express their positions in class/with the teacher’s help, if necessary.
eg. i sit in the front row, on the left, between __ and __×.
3.guess game: who’s my best friend?
a student talks about the position of his/her best friend and asks others to guess the friend’s name.
step 3 presentation
part 1 ask and answer
(1) 教师通过图片向学生介绍相关介词短语的用法。并进行操练。
(2) read out the dialogue.
(3) 创设情景：教师可以提前在教室里准备一些表示地点的卡片。如动物园，天安门，北海等，标上英文名字。放在教室的不同方向，组织学生练习如：
where is the beijing zoo?
it is in the front row. is the bei hai park on the left of the zoo? yes, it is.
part 2 reading: who has the coin?
1.默读课文判断正误
the teacher gives everyone of the students a coin.
the students like the game very much.
2. call 6 students to the front of the class and give them instructions as the text says, and give the other students instructions.
3. ask the students who are sitting to guess where the coin is, using questions, like:
is it in your right/left hand?
4. (books open) ask students to go over the text silently and prepare to answer the comprehension questions.
5. the teacher asks sb to answer comprehension questions in the book.
阅读全文。并找出生词和不懂的地方。教师向学生讲解重点词汇和句字。
step 4 practice
教师组织学生分组在班上进行这个游戏，看那一组表演的完全按照是书上的介绍。对表现出色的组进行表扬。
step5 summary.
学生自己总结本课的重点词语。
exercises in class
fill in the blanks according to the passage.
one day, in the english class. miss dong asked 6 students to stand ____ the front of the class and put their hands ____ their backs. the students pass the coin given by the teacher ____ one ____ another. the other students keep their eyes ____ and guess who ____ the coin.
key: in, behind, from, to, closed, has.
choose the right answer.
( )l. tom, just do it ______ your teacher tells you.
a. like b. as c. because d. when
( )2. where ______ your best friend sit?
a. is b. do c. are d. does
( )3. let’s play a game. first you must keep your eyes______, then _____ them.
a. close, open b. closed, opened c. close, opened d. closed, open
( )4. where ______ the boy _____now?
a. is…stand b. is … standing c. does…stand d. does … standing
( )5. the coin goes from one to ______.
a. the other b. other c. others d. another
( )6. could you pass the orange ______ me?
a. to b. at c. in d. from
( )7. you mustn’t ______ your books now.
a. looks at b. look at c. see d. look
( )8. can you guess who ______ the coin?
a. does have b. does has c. is have d. has
( )9. betty tells katy ______ the ball.
a. catch b .catches c. catching d .to catch
( )10. who sits next to ______?
a. us b. we c. our d. ours
answers: l. b 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. d 10.a
homework
1.copy the words and the phrase.
2.让学生编写一个关于问路短剧
the design of the blackboard
lesson 23
where do you sit?
who has the coin?
学设计示例
lesson 24教学设计方案
teaching objectives:
develop the four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, and revise the whole unit.
properties: tape recorder overhead projector.
language focus:
teaching procedures:
i. organizing the class
greetings and a presentation.
ii. listening
1. ex. 1. 2. read after the tape and make rules of pronunciation, stress and intonation.
2. ex. 3. listening practice.
(1) listen for the first time and catch the main idea.
(2) listen for the second time and finish the exercise of putting in the missing words.
(3) check the answer.
Ⅲ. speaking
1. map puzzles: read the maps on page iv and answer the questions in the book.
2. pairwork: solve puzzles in the text in pairs.
3. act out.
iv. reading
1. (with books closed) listen and repeat.
2. read after the tape.
v. writing
1. read the passage in ex. 6.
2. make the possible dialogue.
3. focus: find it +adj. +to do. eg. vivi finds it exciting to be a model.
Ⅵ. go over the checkpoint of unit 6
Ⅶ. exercises in class
translation.
1. 你最好卧床休息三天。
2. 请保持食品清洁。
3. 我们最好别告诉他这件事。
4. 不要向你妈妈要太多的零花钱。
key:
1. you’d better stay in bed for 3 days.
2. please keep the food clean.
3. we’d better not tell him about it.
4. don’t ask your mother for too much pocket money.
complete the dialogue according to the map.
h: blue sky hotel b: bank c: supermarket
假设你在a处，一位外国朋友问你到蓝天宾馆如何走，请你根据地图所示，完成下列对话。
f: excuse me, could you tell me ______?
c: sure ______. take ______. ______. they you’ll see the hotel. it’s ______.
f: oh, it’s very ______. which bus ______?
c: no. 9 bus. the bus stop is over there.
f: thank you very much.
c: ______. bye-bye.
answers: the way to the blue sky hotel; go along huanghai street; the second turning on the right; then go along east road and take the second turning on the left; between the bank and the supermarket; far; shall i take; thats all right/you’re welcome.
Ⅷ. homework
1. make a dialogue between mr. yang and a policeman.
2. revise the whole unit.
Ⅸ. the design of the blackboard
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